Ensign Bickford Archives

Donated by: Ensign-Bickford Company
Manuscript Number: MS 004

Series Arrangement:
Series 1. Administration
Series 2. Bookkeeping
Series 3. Corporate Communications
Series 4. Corporate History
Series 5: Correspondence
Series 6: Financial Analysis
Series 7: Product Data
Series 8: Legal
Series 9: Marketing
Series 10: Operations
Series 11: Photographic Materials
Series 12: Print Materials
Series 13: Product Documentation
Series 14: Realia
Series 15: Technical Drawings

The Simsbury Free Library is pleased to house the The Ensign- Bickford Company Collection.  It is one of our oldest and largest collections, spanning the years of 1851 – 1980, and occupies two dedicated rooms.  It provides a unique glimpse into the company’s rich history in Simsbury, Connecticut at its inception and through the early 1900’s.

William Bickford’s safety fuse patent changed the nature of mining in the 1830’s in Cornwall, England and the trajectory for all industries that used explosives technology worldwide due to its safety and dependability. (Ellsworth, p. xiii – xiv) Bickford, a leather merchant, set about to develop a solution out of concern for those in his community who suffered from mining accidents. (p.7-9). On Sept 6, 1831, Royal Patent No. 6159 “Safety fuse for Igniting Gunpowder used in blasting Rocks, Etc..,” was granted to William Bickford who invented a machine and process to wrap gun powder in flax, hemp or cotton, spinning the cord to make a continuous line and then counter twisting it covering  it with stronger twine, bathing the line in varnish, and then coating the final product to prevent sticking which was then cut to various lengths. The safety fuse could be used under water or on land.  (Ellsworth, p. 9-10). The partnership Bickford, Smith & Davey was established in 1835 in England. In 1836, Richard Bacon, superintendent of the Phoenix Mining Company at the site of the Newgate Prison in Granby, Connecticut, travelled to Cornwall England to meet with George Smith about the safety fuse. Bacon became the agent for sales of the fuse in America. In 1837 a partnership was formed, and machinery was shipped from England. Many records for Bacon, Bickford, Eales & Company were destroyed in the fire of 1851. The Simsbury Free Library is proud to house the records that survived including invoices from 1848 – 1851, corporate communications from 1851 – 1852, portraits of the earliest founders and company buildings, blueprints as well as company financials, scrapbooks, photographs and more.

The following finding aid may be sorted by any column header or search using the column description below the header.

To request an item from the archives please provide the collection name and the row number of the desired item in an email to simsburyfreelibrary@gmail.com with the subject ARCHIVE REQUEST.

Language: English
The collection is open for research.
The collection is in good condition.

Copyright has been transferred to the Simsbury Free Library for materials authored or otherwise produced by the creator(s) of this collection. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. C) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user.

Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user.

Print Finding Aid: Web Finding Aid: Sarah Neagoy 2022, updated 2025.

Print Finding Aid 2000, Elise Miller, Kim Rutigliano, and Gail A. Syring. Web Finding Aid: Alison Watson Maston/Sarah Neagoy July 2022, Updated November 2025.

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